Antimicrobial proteins regulating neuroinflammation.
Publication Year:
2026
PubMed ID:
41487016
Funding Grants:
Public Summary:
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are natural proteins that act as the body’s frontline immune soldiers, usually known for killing invading germs. However, recent research shows that these proteins also play a major role in the brain and nervous system, where their levels spike during various neurological disorders. By reviewing a vast database of medical studies, researchers examined how these immune proteins interact with brain inflammation and how they might be harnessed to treat brain-related diseases. Ultimately, this review highlights that while these proteins are deeply connected to brain inflammation, more research is needed to unlock their full potential as targets for new neurological treatments.
Scientific Abstract:
BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial peptides/proteins (AMPs), also termed host defense peptides, are well-known effector molecules in innate immunity across all organisms. Recent research has revealed that AMPs possess multifunctional properties beyond their antimicrobial activity, including roles in neuroinflammation. The expression of AMPs has been detected within the central nervous system (CNS) at a basal level and is generally upregulated in various neurological disorders. Owing to its expression and induction in the CNS, there has been growing interest in investigating the relationships among AMPs, neuroinflammation, and various neurological disorders. METHODS: To ensure a comprehensive overview, relevant articles were identified through an extensive PubMed search for this review. Here, we discuss recent literature and advances in understanding AMPs in the CNS at both molecular and functional levels. Additionally, the potential use of these proteins in targeting neuroinflammatory disorders is examined. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, this review provides insight into the complex interplay between AMPs and neuroinflammation and highlights the need for further research in this field.