MicroRNA Regulation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Differentiation
Grant Award Details
Grant Type:
Grant Number:
RS1-00161
Investigator(s):
Human Stem Cell Use:
Award Value:
$605,886
Status:
Closed
Progress Reports
Reporting Period:
Year 2
Reporting Period:
NCE
Grant Application Details
Application Title:
MicroRNA Regulation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Differentiation
Public Abstract:
A major hurdle for regenerative medicine is the safe transplantation of human embryonic stem (ES) cells or their derivatives into patients. While the unlimited growth potential of ES cells is a major asset for their potential in tissue replacement, it is also a major risk for tumorigenesis. Therefore, it is critical to determine what molecules are responsible for silencing the tumorigenic risk of embryonic stem cell derivatives as occurs during the process of normal development. Identification of such molecules should provide both markers for tumorigenic risk as well as potential targets for therapeutic intervention when tumors do develop from transplanted tissue. We now know that most, if not all adult cells can revert to an early stem cell phenotype. This has been proven by a technique called somatic cell nuclear transfer, where adult cell nuclei are transferred into oocytes and allowed to develop as early embryos. These embryos reactivate the embryonic stem cell program within the adult nuclei. Cells derived from these embryos, the embryonic stem cells, have regained the ability to proliferate indefinitely, a property termed self-renewal. Therefore, considering there is in the order of one hundred trillion cells in the adult human, it is amazing that some fraction of cells do not commonly reactivate the stem cell program by chance. This is because human have evolved an amazing and complex network of molecules whose main purpose is to permanently silence critical components of the embryonic stem cell program. Unfortunately, this network is poorly understood. The aim of our laboratory and of this research proposal is to identify these factors and use them to our advantage. We have discovered in the mouse model that small RNA molecules called microRNAs are essential for the silencing of the embryonic stem cell’s capacity to self-renew. In this grant, we propose to confirm a similar role for microRNAs in human ES cell differentiation. Furthermore, we propose to identify the molecular nature of the specific microRNAs responsible for this function. These miRNAs could then be used as markers for both the developmental potential of embryonic stem cells derived by various means as well as a marker for the appropriate silencing of self-renewal in ES cell derived tissues prior to transplant in patients. Furthermore, they could provide targets for therapeutic intervention in the unfortunate scenario of tumor formation from transplanted tissues that had failed to fully silence the stem cell program.
Statement of Benefit to California:
This grant proposes to identify the molecules that normally silence the potential of human embryonic stem cells to proliferate indefinitely. Identification of such molecules should benefit California in at least two ways. First, understanding the mechanisms our cells have evolved to silence indefinite proliferation would provide novel targets for therapeutic interventions in cancers either resulting spontaneously or from transplanted embryonic stem cell derivatives. Second, expression of these molecules should provide markers and, therefore, tests for analyzing the developmental and tumorigenic potential of embryonic stem cell derivatives pre- and post-transplant of these cells into patients. Such advances would benefit the health as well as the economy of the state of California.
Publications
- Cancer Res (2009): Cell cycle regulation by MicroRNAs in embryonic stem cells. (PubMed: 19435891)
- Results Probl Cell Differ (2011): Cell Cycle Regulation by microRNAs in Stem Cells. (PubMed: 21630156)
- Nat Biotechnol (2009): Embryonic stem cell-specific microRNAs promote induced pluripotency. (PubMed: 19363475)
- Genes Dev (2011): Genome-wide analysis of translation reveals a critical role for deleted in azoospermia-like (Dazl) at the oocyte-to-zygote transition. (PubMed: 21460039)
- J Vis Exp (2011): High Throughput MicroRNA Profiling: Optimized Multiplex qRT-PCR at Nanoliter Scale on the Fluidigm Dynamic ArrayTM IFCs. (PubMed: 21847076)
- Curr Opin Genet Dev (2011): From microRNAs to targets: pathway discovery in cell fate transitions. (PubMed: 21636265)
- Nat Biotechnol (2011): Multiple targets of miR-302 and miR-372 promote reprogramming of human fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells. (PubMed: 21490602)
- Nature (2010): Opposing microRNA families regulate self-renewal in mouse embryonic stem cells. (PubMed: 20054295)
- Curr Opin Cell Biol (2013): Regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal and mesenchymal-epithelial transitions by microRNAs. (PubMed: 23434068)
- RNA (2011): A role for noncanonical microRNAs in the mammalian brain revealed by phenotypic differences in Dgcr8 versus Dicer1 knockouts and small RNA sequencing. (PubMed: 21712401)
- Development (2012): Sox1 marks an activated neural stem/progenitor cell in the hippocampus. (PubMed: 22992951)