These studies focused on new techniques for radiolabeling cells differentiated from human embryonic stem cells for in vivo imaging, and the transplant of these cells into the kidneys of a translational model of human development and disease. The results of these studies have shown that effective methods can be developed for safely labeling the cells without altering their differentiation and proliferation capabilities, and that the cells can be found in the kidney after transplantation using in vivo imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET).