Myelin organoids for the study of Alzheimer’s disease.

The onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease can be studied experimentally using various stem cell-derived laboratory models. Brain organoids are three-dimensional assemblies of brain cell types that partially represent the cellular composition of the brain tissue and hold great potential for studying Alzheimer’s disease. In this publication, we discuss the applications of brain organoids in the study of neurodegeneration as well as in therapeutic development with a special focus on organoids that contain myelin. Such organoids, also known as “myelinoids,” contain oligodendrocytes that produce the myelin sheath of the white matter of the brain. Oligodendrocyte dysfunction contributes to cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease; therefore, myelin organoids can be studied to gain critical insights into oligodendrocyte dysfunction and to develop novel treatments for Alzheimer’s disease.