Modeling brain macrophage biology and neurodegenerative diseases using human iPSC-derived neuroimmune organoids.

Immune cells of the human brain play important roles in tissue homeostasis and repair but become dysfunctional in brain diseases. Stem cell-derived models of brain macrophages, the primary immune cells of the brain, can be used to study the roles of these immune cells in brain development, homeostasis, and diseases. In this review, we discuss various strategies and opportunities to study brain macrophage function and dysfunction using stem cell technologies.