In order to better guide migration of stem cells, we also seek to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms that the cells respond to electrical signals. In this publication, we used a very unique model system – cell fragments. This is a part of the cells without nuclear, and major organelles. it is a minimal unit know to migrate. Using this system, we showed that the mechanisms of sensing and decision on which direction to migrate in are separate. Motor machinery – acto-myosin and actin plays tug-of-war and determine which direction to migrate. it is possible to regulate this motor machinery to regulate directional response of cells.