Expansion of human pluripotent stem cell-induced nephron progenitor cells (iNPCs) and the generation of nephron organoids from iNPCs.

The kidney develops from special cells called nephron progenitor cells (NPCs), which create the nephrons—the structures that filter blood. Scientists can make NPC-like cells from human stem cells, but these cells normally exist only briefly and don’t fully resemble the real cells found in the body. In this work, researchers developed a new method to grow these NPC-like cells in large numbers and keep them stable over time. With an improved culture medium, the lab-grown cells become much more similar to true human NPCs and continue dividing while maintaining their identity. Using this method, the team can also produce kidney organoids—tiny kidney-like tissues—with fewer incorrect cell types and more mature filtering structures. This streamlined process takes about two months and offers a more reliable way to study kidney development and disease.