Certain viruses are able to infect the brain and cause disease. As such, viruses have been considered as potentially important as a “triggering agent” in initiating the human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis (MS). Therefore, viral models of demyelination are very important by allowing a further understanding of mechanisms that contribute to neuroinflammation and demyelination. In addition, viral models of demyelination offer an opportunity to investigate novel therapeutic strategies that can be developed to initiate remyelination. This review article highlights recent advances within the field focusing on the use of stem cells to promote remyelination in viral models of MS.