Solid Tumor Fact Sheet

CIRM funds many projects seeking to better understand solid tumors and to translate those discoveries into new therapies.

Description

Solid tumors include cancers of the brain, ovary, breast, colon and other tissues. Many people believe that one quality solid tumors share is a reliance on cancer stem cells. These cancer stem cells are thought to divide to produce the bulk of the cells that make up the tumor.

The hypothesis suggests that unlike most cells of a tumor, the cancer stem cells divide very slowly and are less likely to be destroyed by chemotherapies that kill the fast-growing tumor cells. The thought is that cancers might recur because the chemotherapy kills the bulk of the tumor, but leaves behind the cancer stem cells that can, over time, form a new tumor.

Stem cell scientists are studying cancer stem cells from solid tumors in the lab to find ways of destroying them. If these cancer stem cells share characteristics that allow them to be destroyed by the same drug, then a single new drug could significantly improve cancer treatment for a range of different cancer types.

Clinical Stage Programs

Stanford University

The Stanford University team has found a protein on the surface of leukemia stem cells that protects those cells from elimination by the patient’s own immune system. They call this protein a “don’t eat me” signal. They will create an antibody therapy that blocks that protein and makes the cancer stem cell available to be attacked and destroyed by the immune system.

Read a summary of this project

Forty Seven Inc.

This company is using the same antibody therapy as in the Stanford trial, this time to fight colorectal or bowel cancer. They are combining their antibody therapy with another antibody-based cancer drug called Cetuximab in hopes of treating patients with colorectal cancer.

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University of California, Los Angeles

A team led by scientists at UCLA has identified several potential drugs that kill cancer stem cells from the ovary, colon and brain in the lab dish. They are now testing a drug for the treatment of cancer that works by blocking PLK4, a protein that is important in regulating cell growth, division and death. This protein is important for the survival of the cancer stem cell as well as the rest of the cells in a tumor. It is hypothesized that blocking this protein from working in the tumor may stop or even shrink tumor growth.

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Participant in UCLA clinical trial talks about his cancer diagnosis and his clinical trial experience

CIRM Grants Targeting Solid Tumors

Researcher name	Institution	Grant Title	Grant Type	Award Amount
David Cheresh	University of California, San Diego	CD61-driven stemness program in epithelial cancer	Basic Biology V	$1,161,000
Devon Shedlock	Poseida Therapeutics, Inc.	Late-Stage Preclinical Study of CAR-T Memory Stem Cells Targeting PSMA (P-PSMA-101) for the Treatment of Castrate-Resistant Metastatic Prostate Cancer	Late Stage Preclinical Projects	$3,992,090
Hideho Okada	University of California, San Francisco	Development of novel synNotch CART cell therapy in patients with recurrent EGFRvIII+ glioblastoma	Therapeutic Translational Research Projects	$4,556,536
Zack Jerome	University of California, Los Angeles	Generation of clinical grade human iPS cells	New Cell Lines	$1,341,000
Michael Barish	City of Hope, Beckman Research Institute	Genetically-modified neural stem cells for treatment of high-grade glioma	Disease Team Planning	$55,000
Hideho Okada	University of California, San Francisco	Non-viral reprogramming of the endogenous TCRα locus to direct stem memory T cells against shared neoantigens in malignant gliomas	Quest - Discovery Stage Research Projects	$900,000
Ansuman Satpathy	Stanford University	Preclinical development of an exhaustion-resistant CAR-T stem cell for cancer immunotherapy	Quest - Discovery Stage Research Projects	$1,420,200
Zoran Galic	University of California, Los Angeles	Genetic Enhancement of the Immune Response to Melanoma via hESC-derived T cells	SEED Grant	$616,800
Robert Dillman	Caladrius Biosciences	Tumor stem cell-targeted immunotherapy for metastatic melanoma –a randomized phase 3 clinical trial.	Clinical Trial Stage Projects	$3,000,000
Saul Priceman	City of Hope, Beckman Research Institute	Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Engineered Stem/Memory T Cells for the Treatment of Recurrent Ovarian Cancer	Quest - Discovery Stage Research Projects	$1,351,174
Edward Filardo	Cytonus Therapeutics, Inc.	Development of a novel stem-cell based carrier for intravenous delivery of oncolytic viruses	Quest - Discovery Stage Research Projects	$899,342
Elizabeth Lawlor	Children's Hospital of Los Angeles	hESC as tools to investigate the neural crest origin of Ewing's sarcoma	SEED Grant	$595,576
Anthony Gringeri	ImmunoCellular Therapeutics	A Phase III randomized double-blind, controlled study of ICT 107 with maintenance temozolomide (TMZ) in newly diagnosed glioblastoma following resection and concomitant TMZ chemoradiotherapy	Clinical Trial Stage Projects	$5,391,016
Philip Beachy	Stanford University	Pluripotent stem cell-derived bladder epithelial progenitors for definitive cell replacement therapy of bladder cancer	Quest - Discovery Stage Research Projects	$1,265,436
Pamela Contag	BioEclipse Therapeutics INC.	PHASE 1, OPEN LABEL, DOSE-ESCALATION STUDY OF CRX100 IN PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED SOLID TUMORS	Clinical Trial Stage Projects	$7,999,689
Antoni Ribas	University of California, Los Angeles	Stem Cells for Immune System Regeneration to Fight Cancer	New Faculty II	$3,072,000
Albert Wong	Stanford University	2nd Generation Vaccine for the Treatment of Glioblastoma	Therapeutic Translational Research Projects	$2,929,889
Theodore Nowicki	University of California, Los Angeles	Genetic Modification of Stem Cells and T cells to Activate the Immune System to Target Solid Tumors	Clinical Trial Stage Projects	$4,230,000
PREET Chaudhary	University of Southern California	Next generation affinity-tuned CAR for prostate cancer	Therapeutic Translational Research Projects	$5,805,144
Brigitte Gomperts	University of California, Los Angeles	Stem Cells in Lung Cancer	New Faculty II	$2,381,572
Owen Witte	University of California, Los Angeles	Identification of stem cell surface markers as potential therapeutic targets for advanced prostate cancer	Inception - Discovery Stage Research Projects	$209,160
Saul Priceman	City of Hope, Beckman Research Institute	A Phase I Study of Chimeric Antigen Receptor Engineered Stem/Memory T Cells for the Treatment of HER2-Positive Brain Metastases	Clinical Trial Stage Projects	$9,015,149
Michael Karin	University of California, San Diego	Targeting pancreatic cancer stem cells with DDR1 antibodies.	Quest - Discovery Stage Research Projects	$1,425,600
Siavash Kurdistani	University of California, Los Angeles	Epigenetics in cancer stem cell initiation and clinical outcome prediction	New Faculty I	$3,063,450
Hiromitsu Nakauchi	Stanford University	Novel Rejuvenated T Cell Immunotherapy for Lung Cancer	Quest - Discovery Stage Research Projects	$1,968,456
Karen Aboody	City of Hope, Beckman Research Institute	Neural Stem cell-mediated oncolytic immunotherapy for ovarian cancer	Therapeutic Translational Research Projects	$2,873,262
Lili Yang	University of California, Los Angeles	Combating Ovarian Cancer Using Stem Cell-Engineered Off-The-Shelf CAR-iNKT Cells	Quest - Discovery Stage Research Projects	$1,404,000
Robert Wechsler-Reya	Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute	The role of neural stem cells in cerebellar development, regeneration and tumorigenesis	Research Leadership	$5,226,049
Mark Chao	Forty Seven Inc.	A Phase 1b/2 Trial of the Anti-CD47 Antibody Hu5F9-G4 in Combination with Cetuximab in Patients with Solid Tumors and Advanced Colorectal Cancer	Clinical Trial Stage Projects	$0
Yuan Chen	University of California, San Diego	A Novel Approach to Eradicate Cancer Stem Cells	Quest - Discovery Stage Research Projects	$279,977
Michael Demetriou	University of California, Irvine	CAR T cells targeting abnormal N-glycans for the treatment of refractory/metastatic solid cancers	Quest - Discovery Stage Research Projects	$1,414,800
Antoni Ribas	University of California, Los Angeles	Genetic Re-programming of Stem Cells to Fight Cancer	Disease Team Therapy Planning I	$97,785
Dan Kaufman	University of California, San Diego	Targeted off-the-shelf immunotherapy to treat refractory cancers	Quest - Discovery Stage Research Projects	$1,936,936
Dan Kaufman	University of California, San Diego	Human iPSC-derived chimeric antigen receptor-expressing macrophages for cancer treatment	Quest - Discovery Stage Research Projects	$222,200
Robert Blelloch	University of California, San Francisco	Development of universal off-the-shelf iPSC derived dendritic cells for use as patient specific anti-tumor vaccine	Foundation - Discovery Stage Research Projects	$1,391,999
Albert Wong	Stanford University	Recombinant Bispecific Antibody Targeting Cancer Stem Cells for the Therapy of Glioblastoma	Disease Team Therapy Planning I	$109,750
Yuan Chen	City of Hope, Beckman Research Institute	A Novel Approach to Eradicate Cancer Stem Cells	Quest - Discovery Stage Research Projects	$1,539,935
Leo Wang	City of Hope, Beckman Research Institute	Phase I Study of IL13Rα2-Targeting CAR T Cells After Lymphodepletion for Children with Refractory or Recurrent Malignant Brain Tumors	Clinical Trial Stage Projects	$8,401,309
Boris Minev	Calidi Biotherapeutics	Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells loaded with oncolytic virus for cancer treatment	Late Stage Preclinical Projects	$3,111,467
Stephen Forman	City of Hope, Beckman Research Institute	Targeting glioma cancer stem cells with receptor-engineered self-renewing memory T cells	Early Translational III	$5,215,447
Antoni Ribas	University of California, Los Angeles	Genetic Re-programming of Stem Cells to Fight Cancer	Disease Team Therapy Development - Research	$14,144,221
Christine Brown	City of Hope, Beckman Research Institute	Phase I Study of Chimeric Antigen Receptor Engineered Central Memory T cells for the Treatment of Malignant Glioma	Clinical Trial Stage Projects	$12,753,854
Hideho Okada	University of California, San Francisco	Development of novel synNotch CART cell therapy in patients with recurrent EGFRvIII+ glioblastoma	Therapeutic Translational Research Projects	$525,000
Jana Portnow	City of Hope, Beckman Research Institute	A Phase I Study of Multiple doses of NSC-Based Oncolytic Virotherapy Administered Intracerebrally to Patients with Recurrent High-Grade Gliomas	Clinical Trial Stage Projects	$11,999,984
Owen Witte	University of California, Los Angeles	Trop2 dependent and independent mechanisms of self-renewal in human cancer stem cells	Basic Biology IV	$1,254,960
John Cashman	Human BioMolecular Research Institute	Human Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cells: Developing a Novel Drug for Cancer Eradication	Inception - Discovery Stage Research Projects	$303,785
Cristina Puig Saus	University of California, Los Angeles	CAR-Tnm cell therapy for melanoma targeting TYRP-1	Therapeutic Translational Research Projects	$5,904,462
Ivan King	Tachyon Therapeutics, Inc	TACH101: A Potent, First-In-Class KDM4 Inhibitor for Advanced Cancers	Clinical Trial Stage Projects	$7,141,843
Michelle Monje	Stanford University	White matter neuroregeneration after chemotherapy: stem cell therapy for “chemobrain”	New Faculty Physician Scientist	$2,800,526
Julia Unternaehrer-Hamm	Loma Linda University	Targeting cancer stem cells with nanoparticle RNAi delivery to prevent recurrence and metastasis of ovarian cancer	Inception - Discovery Stage Research Projects	$172,870
Crystal Mackall	Stanford University	Phase 1 Clinical Trial of Autologous GD2 Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells for Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas and Spinal Diffuse Midline Glioma	Clinical Trial Stage Projects	$11,998,310
Jianhua Yu	City of Hope, Beckman Research Institute	Specific Targeting Hypoxia Metastatic Breast Tumor with Allogeneic Off-the-Shelf Anti-EGFR CAR NK Cells Expressing an ODD domain of HIF-1α	Therapeutic Translational Research Projects	$6,036,002
Noriyuki Kasahara	University of California, Los Angeles	Stem cell-based carriers for RCR vector delivery to glioblastoma	Early Translational II	$3,340,625
Robert Reiter	University of California, Los Angeles	Clinical Development of an N-cadherin Antibody to Target Cancer Stem Cells	Early Translational IV	$4,075,668
Bob Valamehr	Fate Therapeutics, Inc.	IND enabling development of FT516: A Natural Killer Cell Immunotherapy for Cancer Derived from a Human Inducible Pluripotent Stem Cell	Late Stage Preclinical Projects	$4,000,000
Tannishtha Reya	University of California, San Diego	Targeting Critical Regulators of Cancer Stem Cells	Quest - Discovery Stage Research Projects	$1,148,264
David Stover	Nammi Therapeutics, Inc.	IND-Enabling activities for the masked immunocytokine, QXL138AM	Late Stage Preclinical Projects	$3,999,113
Karen Aboody	City of Hope, Beckman Research Institute	Stem Cell-mediated Therapy for High-grade Glioma: Toward Phase I-II Clinical Trials	Disease Team Research I	$17,890,623
Irving Weissman	Stanford University	Clinical Investigation of a Humanized Anti-CD47 Antibody in Targeting Cancer Stem Cells in Hematologic Malignancies and Solid Tumors	Disease Team Therapy Development III	$6,505,568
Steven Dubinett	University of California, Los Angeles	A phase I trial of intratumoral administration of CCL21-gene modified dendritic cell (DC) combined with intravenous pembrolizumab for advanced NSCLC	Clinical Trial Stage Projects	$10,955,315
Munjal Acharya	University of California, Irvine	Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles to reverse radiation-induced brain injury	Quest - Discovery Stage Research Projects	$1,064,724
Frank Pajonk	University of California, Los Angeles	Development of novel small molecules against cancer stem cells in solid cancers	Quest - Discovery Stage Research Projects	$2,340,000
Dennis Slamon	University of California, Los Angeles	Therapeutic Opportunities To Target Tumor Initiating Cells in Solid Tumors	Disease Team Research I	$19,979,660
Dennis Slamon	University of California, Los Angeles	A Phase I dose escalation and expansion clinical trial of the novel first-in-class Polo-like Kinase 4 (PLK4) inhibitor, CFI-400945 in patients with advanced solid tumors	Disease Team Therapy Development III	$5,683,693
John Zaia	City of Hope, Beckman Research Institute	Ex Vivo Gene Engineering of Blood Stem Cells for Enhanced Chemotherapy Efficacy in Glioblastoma Patients	Late Stage Preclinical Projects	$3,684,259
Dan Kaufman	University of California, San Diego	Human iPSC-derived chimeric antigen receptor expressing macrophages for improved cancer treatment.	Quest - Discovery Stage Research Projects	$1,256,332
Richard Pietras	University of California, Los Angeles	Reversal of dysregulated myelopoiesis in breast cancers and cancer stem cells to boost antitumor immunotherapy	Quest - Discovery Stage Research Projects	$2,327,680
Mitchel Berger	University of California, San Francisco	Stem Cell-Mediated Oncocidal Gene Therapy of Glioblastoma (GBM)	Disease Team Research I	$6,214,914
				Total: $271,372,450.00